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Generates the explosive arm elevation and overhead reach during the spike, stabilizing the shoulder as the hand contacts the ball
Assists in controlling elbow flexion and deceleration of the arm before and after ball contact to optimize swing path
Rotates and laterally flexes the trunk to transfer rotational power from the hips into the hitting arm for a stronger spike
Drives hip extension during the jump and provides the primary power source for explosive upward propulsion
Extends the knee rapidly to produce the jump height needed to reach and strike the ball at the peak of the approach
Plantarflexes the ankle during takeoff and helps stabilize the foot on landing, contributing to vertical lift